Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the chemical composition and functional group of solvent extract, respectively. Findings will enhance reorientation of research focus and provide new impetus for the protection of stored maize against S. zeamais attack. Therefore, the grain protectant used against pest infestation should not be toxic to human beings. The mathematical symbol, ‘Ln’, must be included in the formula as an alternative to loge or log10, because beyond all reasonable doubt, some experimental data (biased by variety or environment) are not compatible with logarithm base 10, in terms of susceptibility indices (sometimes, producing negative values/figures) and how can a negative value of susceptibility index be interpreted. The newly hatched larvae bore into the kernel. In summary, there are viable alternatives to insecticides for managing pests of organic stored grains. Also, pest activities and environmental factors should not adversely affect the quality of the grain for food use. trol, the pest control agent will be too bulky (and not portable), signicantly fewer quantity of maize will be bagged, and the cost of, transportation will increase.

TTN‐SC may be used as an alternative for E. scrobiculatus management with less or no insecticide. Sawtoothed grain beetle larvae are yellowish white except for their head, which is brown. 0000008095 00000 n A synthetic chemical (pirimiphos-methyl) was used as a control pesticide to compare the efficacy of the botanicals on the maize weevil.

0000006304 00000 n

They fly readily, can be carried by air currents, and have been trapped using pheromone-baited flight traps several miles from any food storage or processing facility.

(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Jos. maize; postharvest; resistant varieties; technical guides; reorientation. In response to market pressures, IPM programs for native pecans have shifted from questions of 'when should I spray?' 0000000016 00000 n Temperature, carbon dioxide, and feeding damage are signs of insect infestation.

Weeds are unwanted crops that grow sporadically with the sown crop.

Allowable formulations of B.t.

The reference material or standard check being promoted here for inclusion in efficacy trials of plant materials compares the effect produced by the plant material and obviously checks the quality of the trial (FAO, 2006). 12. Fine materials, including insects and insect parts, have an affinity for moisture, mold, and insect infestations.

0000012257 00000 n (. The larvae are mobile and develop inside the kernels of whole grain. stantial loss in grain quantity available for human use.

Another deficiency is the inability to characterize effective materials for active ingredients responsible for the insecticidal action observed. Importance of long-term research in classical biological control: an analytical review of a release against the cabbage seed pod weevil in, http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/corn/pest-management.

The tropical convergent zone in particular is highly variable with varying degrees of temperature and relative humidity at any given time depending on the location.

The larva develops into a naked white pupa and pupates inside the grain.

Because the larvae stay in the same grain throughout their development, infestations in bulk grain are usually confined to the outermost exposed layers. (2015b). Safe storage is one that minimizes quantity loss and maintains grain quality characteristics that may be expressed in terms of germination, malting quality, baking quality, color, oil composition, and many others. 0000002847 00000 n The outside edges of the grain may appear to be dry, but the core of the grain mass may be moist, creating habitat that may harbor insect infestations and mold. In the light of the reorientation against synthetic insecticides, research that focuses on IPM that combines high varietal resistance and effective plant- or animal-derived insecticide is recommended for the control of maize weevil infestation in stored maize. , 2006 ), whereas much hope lies in … This is necessary to identify cheap, and safe materials that will serve as viable alternative to synthetic, insecticides that are inseparably associated with health and ecologi-, seed powder at 2% and 3% w/w provided effective post harvest, or 1.5ml/20g maize) have been found effective against damage by, eratures on the plant materials effective against weevil pest (. The LD50 for D. tripetala seed extract was 5785 mg/kg and this evoked paralysis in rats for 4 days coupled with discharge from the eyes and eventual death.

It just 2weeks old and how do I apply it?

Also, pest activities and environmental factors should not adversely affect, the quality of the grain for food use. Minimum effective dose.



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