All cardinal numerals are indeclinable, except ūnus ('one'), duo ('two'), trēs ('three'), plural hundreds ducentī ('two hundred'), trecentī ('three hundred') etc., and mīlle ('thousand'), which have cases and genders like adjectives. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is o. The inflection of deus, deī ('god') is irregular. For example, socer, socerī ('father-in-law') keeps its e. However, the noun magister, magistrī ('(school)master') drops its e in the genitive singular. For instance, many masculine nouns end in -or (amor, amōris, 'love'). Masculine nouns in -ius have a vocative singular in -ī at all stages. The first and second persons are irregular, and both pronouns are indeclinable for gender; and the third person reflexive pronoun sē, suī always refers back to the subject, regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural. Want to add some words to the dictionary? The Latin word, canis, means dog.

There are no fourth- or fifth-declension adjectives.

As in English, adjectives have superlative and comparative forms. Each noun has the ending -ūs as a suffix attached to the root of the noun in the genitive singular form. Mixed i-stems are indicated by the double consonant rule. More recent American grammars, such as Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (1903) and Wheelock's Latin (first published in 1956), use this order but with the vocative at the end. Usually, to show the ablative of accompaniment, cum would be added to the ablative form. See how you can help! The mixed declension is distinguished from the consonant type only by having -ium in the genitive plural (and occasionally -īs in the accusative plural). However, its plural, mīlia, is a plural third-declension i-stem neuter noun. They are declined irregularly in the singular, but sometimes treated as native Latin nouns, e.g. As with nouns, a genitive is given for the purpose of showing the inflection. L Like third and second declension -r nouns, the masculine ends in -er. I am learning Latin because of its influence on the languages of the world. The names of the cases also were mostly translated from the Greek terms, such as accusativus from the Greek αἰτιατική. Masculine, feminine and neuter nouns often have their own special nominative singular endings. Carcer ~ noun Reverse Index — An English to Latin index

Ablative However, some forms have been assimilated. Superlatives are formed by adding -issimus, -issima, -issimum to the stem and are thus declined like first and second declension adjectives. The word ambō ('both'), is declined like duo except that its o is long. Some masculine nouns of the second declension end in -er or -ir in the nominative singular. There are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender. Some nouns are one gender in the singular, but become another gender in the plural. The Index — The main index of the site There are several different kinds of numeral words in Latin: the two most common are cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. To express possession, the possessive pronouns (essentially adjectives) meus, tuus, noster, vester are used, declined in the first and second declensions to agree in number and case with the thing possessed, e.g. Each noun follows one of the five declensions, but some irregular nouns have exceptions. The second declension is a large group of nouns consisting of mostly masculine nouns like equus, equī ('horse') and puer, puerī ('boy') and neuter nouns like castellum, castellī ('fort'). T The numeral centum ('one hundred') is indeclinable, but all the other hundred numerals are declinable. The Latin dictionary is available for free: do not hesitate to let us know about your comments and impressions.

However, most third declension adjectives with one ending simply add -er to the stem. Pronouns are also of two kinds, the personal pronouns such as ego 'I' and tū 'you (sg. Other adjectives such as celer, celeris, celere belong to the third declension. a few geographical names are plural such as. The declension of these nouns is identical to that of the regular second declension, except for the lack of suffix in the nominative and vocative singular. Adverbs are not declined. Change the name (also URL address, possibly the category) of the page. Q For example, the English word canine usually refers to animals such as dogs. For example, servus, servī ('slave') could be servos, accusative servom. For further information on the different sets of Latin numerals, see Latin numerals (linguistics). There are five declensions for Latin nouns: Nouns of this declension usually end in -a in the nominative singular and are mostly feminine, e.g. The genitive forms meī, tuī, nostrī, vestrī, suī are used as complements in certain grammatical constructions, whereas nostrum, vestrum are used with a partitive meaning ('[one] of us', '[one] of you'). Click here to toggle editing of individual sections of the page (if possible). Genitive and dative cases are seldom used. [10], Since vīrus in antiquity denoted something uncountable, it was a mass noun. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is u, but the declension is otherwise very similar to the third-declension i stems. The rest of the numbers are indeclinable whether used as adjectives or as nouns. The genitive is the same as the nominative feminine singular. Pure i-stems are indicated by special neuter endings. The vocative singular of deus is not attested in Classical Latin. declension. However, in practice, it is generally declined as a regular -us stem fourth declension noun (except by the ablative singular and accusative plural, using -ō and -ōs instead).[19]. There are also several more rare numerals, e.g., distributive numerals and adverbial numerals. The nominative singular of these nouns may end in -a, -e, -ī, -ō, -y, -c, -l, -n, -r, -s, -t, or -x. The plural interrogative pronouns are the same as the plural relative pronouns. However, every second-declension noun has the ending -ī attached as a suffix to the root of the noun in the genitive singular form. There are two principal parts for Latin nouns: the nominative singular and the genitive singular. Ūnus, ūna, ūnum is declined like a first- and second-declension pronoun with -īus or -ius in the genitive, and -ī in the dative.

Some third declension adjectives with two endings in -lis in the masculine–feminine nominative singular have irregular superlative forms. This is so for only a few nouns, such as artūs pl., ('limbs').



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