The Knight’s Dream by Antonio de Pereda, in which a sleeping man is shown with the luxurious contents of his dream spread out before him, is one of the most celebrated examples of this type. Fruit, vegetable and meal still-lifes were often imbued with religious symbolism. Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art.

On our pages you will find over 10,000 works of art. Devout Catholics meanwhile would recognise in the careful spacing of Zurbarán’s quietly meditative Lemons, Orange and a Rose a reference to the Holy Trinity.

/* Art3 */ Although still-life is often associated with hidden symbolism, these early works were primarily concerned with rendering their subject in fine detail. Caravaggio has justly been credited as the father of Roman still-life painting, a genre which was in its infancy in the early 17th century. In the current century artists such as Sharon Core, Ori Gersht and Peter Jones are continuing to find new inspiration in the subject, using traditional motifs in a contemporary manner, which, just like their forebears, cause us to question the world around us. Most artists were beginning to abandon such humble motifs, though, in favour of those more suited to the growing ranks of the bourgeoisie who had become their prime patrons. And if you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter, called “If You Only Read 6 Things This Week”.

Francisco de Zurbaran - Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose, 1633 Painted by the Baroque Spanish artist Francisco de Zubaran, Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose from 1633 is considered a masterwork of the genre. Both were aware that this apparently lowly genre offered opportunities for moral contemplation, scientific study and even ground-breaking experiments into what art itself could be.

A young servant girl is seen crushing garlic to serve with fish, a Lenten meal emphasised by the presence of two eggs on a second plate.

By shattering conventional forms and recreating the world as he saw it in his Cubist paintings Picasso created something wholly unique and breathed new life into the still-life. Caravaggio's Basket of Fruit is a still life painting that is displayed in the Ambrosian Library in Milan. Elements of still life can lend themselves to spiritual expression – here, Diego Velázquez shows the preparation of a simple meal for Lent (Credit: National Gallery, London). Still life with fruit on a stone ledge. It is also the only still life that was signed and dated by the artist. An old woman gestures to the servant girl emphasising that an active life is not enough and one must also be devout. Still Life with Fruit is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610).

However whilst Brueghel’s attention to detail saw him travel from city to city to paint individual flowers the fact that he, like many later Dutch flower painters, included flowers which bloom at different times within a single canvas, means that they could never be mistaken for the real thing.

Cezanne revolutionised the still life with his abstract backgrounds, which seem to locate the fruit depicted in another realm (Credit: Alamy). “When the avant-garde adapted the theme it changed everything,” says Aterido. These are the Still Life with Fruit and the, Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio). The fruit has remained a much debated element of the painting. Although Caravaggio very frequently included still-life elements in his works, only two independent still lifes from his hand have been identified to date. Fantin Latour’s hazily sensual flower paintings became particularly popular. Caravaggio is best known for his biblical scenes and crepuscular shadows, but he also painted this highly detailed still life (Credit: Alamy).

‘Still Life with Flowers and Fruit’ was created in 1601 by Caravaggio in Baroque style. But although the subject matter may have narrowed, the methods of artistic expression were beginning to broaden. Critics finally began to take notice. - The racist message hidden in a masterpiece, As Ángel Aterido, curator of a major exhibition of Spanish still-life painting at BOZAR, Brussels, explains, “the first owners of these paintings were people of a high intellectual level. 13 and 14). Painted in Madrid during the Napoleonic invasion and at the same time as he was working on The Disasters of War series, they feature birds, animals and fish whose humanised faces painted with agile, forceful brushstrokes cannot help but recall slain soldiers. Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, 1573-1610. Picasso’s Jug, Candle and Enamel Pan reduces the subjects to the most basic, but still recognisable, forms (Credit: Pompidou, Musée d'art moderne, Paris). The 17th Century saw still-life painting flourish and divide into many different sub-genres including fruit and vegetable studies, meal still-lifes and vanitas painting. Yet for centuries it was dismissed by critics as merely an academic exercise in composition, colour and texture, of interest purely for its decorative qualities. The commemorative, polemical, and satirical contexts of Still Life with Fruit on a Stone Ledge / Adrienne von Lates. In Spain the most important painter was Meléndez, whose finely observed studies of various foodstuffs can only evoke wonder. . google_ad_width = 728; The butterfly was their symbol of salvation whilst evil took the form of a Dragonfly, considered a subspecies of the fly and thus close to the devil.



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